Want To Be A Leader? Read The Mahabharata

 

Want To Be A Leader? Read The Mahabharata.

'It is important to understand that when it comes to setting examples of truth, honesty and ethical conduct, leaders need to be true to their principles or values 100 per cent of the time'.

Paradoxes refer to events that consist of 'contradictory yet interrelated elements -- elements that seem logical in isolation, but absurd and irrational when appearing simultaneously'.

The task of leaders is filled with contradictions in goals.

Leaders need to possess the capability to manage multiple paradoxes and the success of their organisation depends on their ability to manage inconsistencies in their goals.

One of the most significant paradoxes that Bhishma faced time and again in the story of the Mahabharata was that of 'loyalty (to an individual) versus loyalty to truth'.

Every leader comes across situations where a choice has to be made between loyalty to externalities like reputation, wealth or fame, and deeper (inner) values of truth and honesty.

The actions and decisions that leaders take at such times play a major role in determining the future of their organisations.

If the leaders decide that their allegiance lies with external objects rather than values of truth and honesty, then they end up compromising the values of the organisation.

Be it the wilful abduction of Amba from the swayamvara in Kashi or staying quiet during the incident of Draupadi's disrobing, Bhishma comes across as a character so caged by his vow of allegiance to the throne of Hastinapura that he considered it to be more important than authenticity (staying true to his inner conscience).

Of the two incidents that remained the most critical incidents in Bhishma's life, one (Draupadi's disrobing) became the cause of the war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. The second (the incident regarding Amba) led to his death.

On both these occasions, Bhishma failed to decide which of the two goals in front of him was right and should be pursued.

He ended up choosing the goal of being loyal to the throne of Hastinapur even if it came at the cost of the value of truth and authenticity.

The second paradox that Bhishma faced was of 'short-term versus long-term thinking'.

This paradox can also be understood as a conflict between 'means and ends'.

One of the dilemmas faced by leaders is deciding if they should focus on the means (the process or the path to achieve the goals) or the ends (the goals themselves).

Goals are attained in the long term, while the decisions on the processes have to be taken in the present and hence are related to short-term thinking.

Leaders have to balance their short-term and long-term orientation.

Whenever there are contradictory goals to choose from, leaders have to decide what is more important for them, short-term loss but long-term gain or short-term gain but long-term loss.

It may so happen that given the situation, if the leaders take a call to stand with the truth, they may have to deviate from some principles related to the process that they have set for themselves (leading to short-term losses).

But it is important to recognise that the losses are only short-term and the values that the leaders are establishing, by staying true to the goals that they want to achieve, can lead to long-term gains.

In moments of dilemma, Bhishma decided to choose the short-term over the long-term.

When injustice was being meted out to the Pandavas and when Draupadi was dragged to the court, Bhishma decided to remain quiet.

It is possible that he stayed silent because of his allegiance to the throne and the ruling king.

It is possible that he remained quiet in the name of dharma (his own understanding of it).

Whatever be the reason, this short-term thinking led to the setting of an extreme example of deceit that neither he nor the Kauravas could ever undo.

Bhishma's short-term orientation came to be seen as his support for something that was wrong and that led to the fall of the Kaurava empire in the long-term.

The third paradox that Bhishma faced was of 'sometimes versus always'.

Curiously, Bhishma was a character who oscillated between the extremes of virtuousness in the story.

When it came to the incident of taking a vow of celibacy and reaffirming his loyalty to the king of Hastinapur, Bhishma came across as a paragon of virtuousness.

However, the same Bhishma considered it perfectly right to abduct princesses, forcefully marry two of them to his brother, and to sit quietly and watch a conspiracy being hatched against the Pandavas.

It is important to understand that when it comes to setting examples of truth, honesty and ethical conduct, leaders need to be true to their principles (values) 100 per cent of the time.

In leadership, there is no scope or room for not being true to one's inner conscience for even once.

As our societies (and organisations) become more competitive, global and complex, these competing goals often lead to individuals facing the conflict between dharma and adharma, which permeates through the entire Mahabharata.

The word dharma is mentioned frequently by various characters in the Mahabharata.

Dharma has been used to denote a normative action or an abstract quality of compassion, righteousness, goodness, justice and truth in the Mahabharata.

It is linked with norms, laws, ethics as well as righteous execution of obligations, responsibilities and duties.

The underlying expectation is that the person following dharma will operate within the boundaries of justice, and will in word and deed, act with honour and appropriateness.

Alternatively, the word adharma can be understood as an action that violates the norms.

Life lessons from the Mahabharata

 

      --Life lessons from the Mahabharata--                            'The Mahabharata's lessons are eternal'

As an epic tale, the Mahabharata remains unrivalled in length and complexity, weaving stories within stories with aplomb.

While its historical context is debatable, there can be no disputing that it contains a wealth of spiritual and philosophical material.

It has life lessons to offer that are relevant in the contemporary world today.

Though characters in Indian epics are revered and given a divine status, they are completely humanised by their own struggles.

Krishna may have revealed his Vishwaroopa to Arjun, but he was a wily strategist and steered the Pandavas to success in the war of Kurukshetra, with a carefully orchestrated master plan.

Personally, I have always felt that winning the war came at a tremendous cost for the Pandavas.

But it was what they set out to achieve and they were annihilating in their success.

So what lessons in success can we learn from this motely bunch of heroes and villains?

•  It's imperative to have the right mentor

The Pandavas considered Krishna their mentor from the time they met him -- their faith in him was absolute, and his word was their command.

He was a mentor who understood their weaknesses and strengths, someone who could advise, criticise when required and hold their hand and show them the right and more importantly, righteous path.

Duryodhana, on the other hand, had Shakuni -- a corrupt, conniving and scheming man who made it his business to bring out the worst in Duryodhana.

The Kaurava prince was not without good qualities. He was a brave warrior, a loyal friend and a just king.

He is commonly vilified as the personification of evil, but it is to be remembered that when the time came for the kings to choose sides in the war, Duryodhana had 11 akshauhunis versus the Pandavas seven.

He crowned Karna the King of the Angas just to remove the stain of sutaputra from his name, and remained his loyal friend until the end.

But in the hands of Shakuni, Duryodhana let the worst side of himself come to the fore.

It is important to have a mentor that sees your true potential and helps you achieve it instead of leading you down the road of negative emotions and revenge.

• When in dire situations, bend the rules and think outside the box

In the first few days of the war, the Pandavas had a difficult time facing the onslaught of their grandfather Bheeshma, who was the commander to the Kaurava army.

He was unbeatable, and was creating mayhem in the Pandava army at Duryodhana's behest.

The Pandavas knew that he could not be killed by ordinary means.

They made a warrior known as Shikhandi face Bheeshma, and the Pandavas along with other maharathis stood behind Shikandi.

They knew Bheeshma would not attack Shikhandi because he had once been a woman -- in this convoluted way, they were able to injure Bheeshma and get him out of the war.

Similarly, when Drona became too hot to handle, the Pandavas killed an elephant in their own army by the name of Ashwatthama.

Drona's son too was called Ashwatthama, and when Yudhisthira announced that Ashwatthama was dead, Drona was too disheartened to fight any more, and the Pandavas were able to kill him.

These two are instances of bending the rules, but were a means to an end in a dire situation.

• Focus on your objective without distractions

When Drona was teaching the Pandava and Kaurava boys archery, he was accused by Duryodhana of favouring Arjuna.

To prove why he thought Arjuna was the most superior warrior of them all, Drona placed a wooden bird on a branch and asked the boys what they could see when they took aim at the bird.

All of them replied in the same vein, that they could see the bird, the branch, the sky, the tree, etc.

When it came to Arjuna's turn, his reply was, "I see only the eye of the bird."

Arjuna's unerring focus was the secret arsenal from which his greatness stemmed.

With his eye focused only on the prize, he was leaps and bounds ahead of those who were distracted by everything around them.

In the modern world, distractions are many, and when you take your eye off the ball, it can be detrimental to your success.

• Make your choices smartly -- don't be dazzled by the seemingly bigger prize

When the Pandavas and the Kauravas were canvassing for support before the war of Kurukshetra, both Arjuna and Duryodhana came to ask for Krishna's support.

Krishna gave them a choice;  one of them could have his army, the fearsome Narayani Sena, and the other could have just him -- unarmed and not fighting.

But since he had awoken and seen Arjuna first, Arjuna would choose first.

Arjuna chose the lone, non-fighting Krishna without hesitation.

Krishna was their mentor, he was everything to them.

Duryodhana smiled, thinking he had got the best of the deal -- what use was one unarmed man against an army of skilled warriors!

But Arjuna knew that even the best of resources, such as the Narayani Sena, were useless without the strategic vision of Krishna.

It transpired that the lone Krishna, serving as Arjuna's charioteer, was all the Pandavas needed to win the war of Kurukshetra, and Arjun had chosen wisely.

So we learn that even if something looks brighter on the surface, it's not necessarily the right choice for us.

Look beneath the surface of the offer and choose what’s right for you, no matter how attractive the other option may look.

• Think about the consequences of your actions -- don't make emotional decisions!

The biggest mistake you can make is taking and important decision in an emotional state.

Shantanu was blinded by love for a fisherwoman, and he allowed his son Bheeshma to take a vow of celibacy.

In his  eagerness to marry an avaricious woman, he unleashed a series of events that led to the catastrophic war of Kurukshetra.

Pandu too made a rash decision -- when he was cursed by Rishi Kindhama, he was so distraught that he gave up his throne to Dhritarashtra and went to the forest to lead a retired life.

Had he thought it through, he may not have taken such an unwise decision, which led to the uncertain future of his five sons and their calamitous enmity with the Kauravas.

The lesson to be learned is, hasty decisions lead to our downfall.

All decisions should be analysed with a clear mind, while being cognisant of any future repercussions.

• Don't focus on the fruit of your labour

The Bhagvad Gita, an intrinsic part of the Mahabharata, has life-lessons hidden on every page, but the one that is most commonly taught is that we should do our work without hankering after the reward.

Many spiritual and philosophical explanations for this abound, but I like to look at it from a more practical point of view.

I believe that all work is meditation; whether you are making a paratha or populating a spreadsheet, if you are focusing as you should be it is a form of meditation.

If thoughts are clouding your mind about whether your husband will complement you on dinner tonight, or your boss will give you a promotion detract from that meditation.

I truly believe that when we are not attached to the fruit of out actions, we are able to focus on our efforts in entirety, and consequently achieve better results.

Hard and focused work always bears fruit, more so if we don't obsess about it.

• Be adequately prepared before you act -- half knowledge is dangerous

Abhimanyu knew how to enter the Chakravyuha, but he didn't know how to come out of it.

That didn't stop him from breaking the vyuha and facing the wrath of the Kaurava maharathis alone -- it says a lot for his bravery, but not much for his strategic planning.

His death at the hands of six great warriors was one of the more tragic and unrighteous acts committed on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, but it does teach us that in order to be successful, one needs to be prepared.

Whether it's an examination or a presentation, being armed with all the facts is mandatory if one wants to succeed.

Being properly prepared for the task at hand is one of the crucial steps to success.